tugas bahasa inggris bisnis

MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS

A company often becomes involved in international trade by exchanging goods or services with another country-importing raw materials it may need for production or exporting finished products to a foreign market. Establishing these trade relationships is the first step in the development of a multinational business. At this stage, however the corporation’s emphasis is still on the domestic market. As trade expands, the corporation’s dealing with companies or people outside the “home country” of that corporation increase.

The corporation then begins to view the whole world as a base for production and marketing operations. The next step in the development of a multinational business is focusing on the world market. The company may establish a foreign assembly plant, engage in contract manufacturing, or build a foreign manufacturing company or subsidiary. Therefore, a multinational corporation is a company that is primarily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.

Since World War II, multinational corporations have grown rapidly. The names and products of many of the multinational have become well-known in the world marketplace: International Business Machines (IBM), Royal Dutch Shell, Panasonic, Coca-Cola, and Volkwagen. Coca-Cola, for example, now has operations in more then 180 countries.

A multinational corporation operates in a complex business environment. Cultural, social, economic, political, and technological system vary from country to country. In order to operate successfully, a multinational company needs a basic understanding and appreciation of the foreign business environment.

Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions about multinationals. Questions with asteris (*) cannot be answered directly from the text.

1. What is the first step in the development of a multinational business?

2. Where is the comapany’s emphasis when it is simply trading with other countries?

3. What market does a multinational corporation focus on?

4. A company may establish its manufacturing operations in foreign countries? What are three forms that these operations may take?

5. What is a multinational corporation?

6 When have multinationals grown rapidly? *Why do you think they have experienced this period of rapid growth?

7. *What are some products that are produced by the following multinational corporations: IBM, Coca-Cola, Panasonic, Shell, and Volkswagen?

8. *Why does a multinational corporation operate in a more complex business environment than a domestic company?

9. *What are some of the social and political factors that can vary from country to country?

10. Why does a multinational corporation need a basic understanding of foreign business environments? *How can a multinational gain this understanding?

Answer:

A. 1. The first step (it) is establishing the trade relationship with another country.

2. The companies emphasis (it) is still on the domestic market.

3. A multinational corporation (it) focuses on the world market.

4. The three forms (they) are: It may establish a foreign assembly plant, engage in contract manufacturing, and build a foreign manufacturing company or a subsidiary.

5. A multinational corporation (it) is a company that is primary based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.

6. Multinationals (they) have grown rapidly since World War II. Because during the war many countries knew what recurces are scarce or abundant in other countries.

7. IBM: International Business Machines, Royal Dutch Shell oil, Panasonic electronic, Coca-Cola softdrink, Volkswagen automobiles.

8. Because a multinational corporation focuses on the world market, and each country has its own system: culturally, economically, politically and technologically. Where as a domestic company only operates in one country which its system its already familiar.

9. Socially: In Japan life time employment system is applied, where as in Indonesia contract system employment is used.

Politically: Thailand is monarchism, Indonesia is democratic.

10. In order to operate successfully. This understanding can be gained through market research.

B. Determine which of the following statement are true and which are false. Then put T

or F in the blanks. Rewrite false statements to make them true.

1. T Multinaltional corporations have grown rapidly since 1945.

2. F Any company engaged in international trade is a multinational business.

3. T In order to operate successfully, a multinational company needs to be aware of national and international business environments

4. F A multinational corporation focuses on its “home country,” or domestic market.

5. F A multinational company does not establish factories in foreign countries.

Vocabulary Exercises

A.Write down any terms that you did not understand in the reading. Find each term in the reading, look at its context, and try to figure out the meaning. Discuss these terms with your classmates.

B.Look at the terms in the left-hand colomn and find the correct synonyms or definiti-

Ons in the right-hand colomn. Copy the corresponding letters in the blanks.

1. j corporation (line 5) a. chiefly; principally

2. e expand (line 6) b. function in; work in

3. g view (line 8) c. change

4. i stage (line 5) d. a company having more than half of its stock

owned by another company

5. a primarily (line 13) e. increase the dimensions of

6. h base (line 8) f. growth; expansion

7. c vary (line 21) g. see; look at

8. d subsidiary (line 21) h. foundation

9. b operate in (line 20) i. a step in development

10.f development (line 4) j. a type of business organization formed by an

association of stockholders

C.Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with the most appropriate terms form the

list.

base operate in appreciation of expands

vary corporation development subsidiary

staged involved in view relationship

During the development of a corporation, the organizational structure may vary over time and pass through a number of stages . As the corporation grows, it expands its operations. It might become involved in setting up a subsidiary . Although the corporation still has a primary or “home base ,” establishment of a subsidiary allow the company to enter into new relationship with a view toward increasing its production and marketing capabilities.

Text Analysis

Look at the reading to answer these questions.

1.What does each of the following refer to?

LINES WORDS REFERENTS

2 it a company

5 this stage first step

17 IBM International Business Machine

2.Match the connective words or phrases with the appropriate functions.

c however (line 5) a. summarizing

d then (line 8) b. illustrating

a therefore (line 12) c. contrasting

b for example (line 18) d. sequencing information

3.Summarize the two general steps in the development of a multinational corporation.

a. establishing these trade relationship. (line 3-5)

b. focusing on the world market. (line 8-10)

4.Sometimes the definition of a term takes this form:

a controls the

A restrictive trade law is law that → number of goods

imported or exported

that

term being defined verb to be class→ which → definition

This type of definition is known as a formal definition. In a formal definition the term or word being defined occurs first. It is followed by the verb to be (usually is ar are). Next the class states the general group that the term belongs to:

TERMS CLASSES

multinational corporation company

typewriter business machine

absolute advantage theory of specialization

After the class, either that or which is used. Finally, the definition itself includes information distinguishing this term other members of its class.

Write formal definitions for multinational corporation (page 56), corporation (page 57), and subsidiary (page 57).

a. A multinational corporation is a company that is primatily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.

b.

c.

5.Formal definitions may be shortened to a more general form, which includes less information. This is often called a semiformal definition. The class, that or which, and the verb to be are omitted.

A restrictive trade law controls → the number of goods imported or exported

Term being defined verb → definition

Change the formal definition from the previous exercise into semiformal definitions.

a A multinational corporation is primatily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.

b.

c.

TENSES

Pr – Present; Ps-Past; S-Simple; C-Continuous; F-Future; Pf-Perfect

1. Pr.S - He writes many letters everyday. (habitual action)

2. Ps.S - He wrote m.1 yesterday. (occurred in the past)

3. Pr.C - It is writing m.1 now. (is occurring right now)

4. Ps.C - He was writing m.1 when it rained yesterday. (two actions in the

past).

5. Pr.F - He will write m.1 tomorrow. (will happen in the future).

6. Ps.F - He would write m.1 yesterday, but he didn’t have time.

7. Pr.Pf - He has written m.1 already (has just happened now).

8. Ps.Pf - He had written m.1 when it rained yesterday. (two actions in the past)

9. Pr.Fc - He will be writing m.1 when you visit him tomorrow. (in the future)

10.Ps.Fc - He would be writing m.1 when you visited him yesterday. (in the past)

11.Pr.FPf - He will have written m.1 when you come tomorrow (in the future)

12.Ps.FPf - He would have written m.1 when you come yesterday. (in the past)

13.Pr.Pfc - He has been writing m.1 for two days until now. (continuosly from past

until now).

14.Ps.Pfc - He had been writting m.1 for two days until yesterday (continuosly

from past to past)

15.Pr.Fpf.C - He will have been writing m.1 for two days will tomorrow. (until in the

future)

16.Pr.F.Pfc - He would have been writing m.1 for two days until yesterday. (until in

the past)

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Aneka Reload -- Observasi Sistem Informasi

ANEKA CELL
Bemodal dari 1 voucher menjadi daeler pulsa.

RELOAD SERVICE ALL OPERATOR

Berawal dari modal sebuah voucher, ANEKA CELL RELOAD SERVICE, perlahan merintis menjadi sebuah dealer pulsa yang sudah cukup bonafit yang terus berjalan hingga sekarang. ANEKA RELOAD, sebuah lokasi usaha yang terletak di Jl.Raya Bogor Km.29 no.36 merupakan sebuah usaha yang bergerak di bidang telekomunikasi seluller, tepatnya pulsa elektrik all operator. ANEKA RELOAD menyediakan Produk Voucher Elektronik dengan sistem satu deposit untuk pengisian multi operator (All Operator), (Simpati, Kartu As, Flexi, Mentari, IM3, StarOne, XL, Esia, Fren, Three, Axis, Hepi, Smart) dan semua produk operator telekomunikasi yang ada di Indonesia. Selain menjual produk pulsa elektrik dan voucher, ANEKA RELOAD juga menjual produk lain seperti Handphone beserta accessories.

"ANEKA RELOAD telah memiliki Surat Izin Usaha Perdagangan sejak 3 desember 2004 dan telah mengikuti training dan forum diskusi telekomunikasi sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas pelayanan dan kepercayaan customer."

Dalam meningkatkan penjualan/transaksi dan mendapatkan master (downline), ANEKA RELOAD  tidak pernah melakukan promosi mengadakan event-event tertentu, promosi yang dilakukan hanyalah kepercayaan yang diberikan dan di dapat dari para master yang kemudian melakukan penawaran kepada yang lain (calon submaster).

 
APLIKASI dan CARA KERJA

ANEKA RELOAD memiliki server sendiri yang sehingga dapat melakukan transaksi selama 24 jam. Aplikasi yang di gunakan untuk Server ANEKA RELOAD di buat sendiri karena memiliki technical support yang di ambil dari keluarga pemilik sekaligus pengelola  ANEKA RELOAD. Untuk software yang di gunakan yaitu software Flash Machine dan Team Viewer yang artinya di kerjakan sendiri oleh keluarga pemilik.


Di ANEKA RELOAD Memiliki 2 komputer yg di gunakan untuk kasir dan check stock voucher sekaligus cek transaksi. Semua database transaksi yang tersimpan di dalam computer memiliki jangka waktu maksimal 1 bulan back up, tapi hal tersebut juga bergantung pada kepadatan atau banyaknya transaksi yang di lakukan.

Untuk setiap transaksi yang dilakukan juga selalu di cek status keberhasilannya melalui web masing-masing provider,apakah pulsa tersebut telah di transfer ke customer atau belum..?? jika antara status dengan kenyataan yang ada tidak sesuai maka server akan melakukan follow up di masing-masing provider.

Setiap transaksi yang di lakukan tidak selalu berjalan lancer, maka dari itu ANEKA RELOAD membuka sms komplain yang kemudian akan di respon oleh server dari ANEKA RELOAD. Semua komplain yang masuk ke sms center akan di follow up maksimal 1x24 jam..

KENDALA YANG DI HADAPI

Dalam transaksi ANEKA RELOAD. Juga sering mengalami kendala, namun kendala tersebut biasanya karena  berasal dari operator provider yang mengalami gangguan sehingga harus memperbaiki agar kondisi stabil. Contoh kendala yang sering di hadapi biasanya seperti lambatnya transaksi pulsa elektrik Esia tiap malam.

SISTEM TRANSAKSI ANEKA RELOAD

ANEKA CELL memiliki berbagai produk, semua produk yang di dapat awalnya akan di masukkan ke dalam gudang penyimpanan yang kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan sebelum turun ke grosir. Dalam penjualan grosir juga memiliki 2 fungsi, yaitu penjualan secara grosir dan penjualan secara eceran. Untuk pendaftaran master/downline dapat di lakukan dengan cara mendaftar dari master lain atau daftar langsung di ANEKA RELOAD, syarat pendaftaran cukup mengisi deposit minimal Rp. 50.000, Dalam penjualannya ANEKA RELOAD memiliki system transaksi yang dapat dilakukan oleh para master / downline secara mudah.


Pembayaran Deposit dapat dilakukan Via Transfer rekening BANK. Setelah melakukan transfer deposit kemudian lakukan Konfirmasi via sms, Contoh: K.Trans 200 an006-1 dari rek Adi. Yang kemudian di kirim ke Sms Center ANEKA RELOAD.

Transaksi yg di lakukan oleh para master di kirim langsung ke Server ANEKA RELOAD sehingga dapat dilakukan 24 jam non stop setiap hari secara realtime berbasis SMS Top Up/Multikoneksi Host to Host dan YahooMessenger sehingga transaksi sangat cepat (selama tidak ada gangguan dari sisi operator). ANEKA RELOAD juga menyediakan jenis dan denominal pulsa elektronik terlengkap dengan harga termurah.


Untuk transaksi pulsa juga memiliki kode transaksi tertentu dengan format sms seperti di bawah ini:

FORMAT SMS

TRANSAKSI
ketik : kode produk.tujuan.pin
contoh : S20.08123456789.1234

TRANSAKSI LEBIH DARI SATU NOMOR HP
ketik : kode produk.tujuan.kodeproduk.tujuan.pin
contoh : S20.08123456789.M10.081567891011.1234

GANTI PIN
ketik : G.pinlama.pinbaru
contoh : G.1234.8888

CEK SALDO
ketik : S.pin
contoh : S.1234

KOMPLAIN VIA SMS
ketik : K.isi complain
kirim ke : SMS center masing-masing provider
contoh : K.pulsa s20.08123456789 tgl 1/11/07 blm masuk

REKAP TANSAKSI
ketik : R.TANGGGAL.Pin
contoh : R.5//11/07.1234
Transaksi berulang No dan Nominal sama
Ketik : Kode produk.2.tujuan.pin
contoh : s10.2.081234567.1234
dapat berulang sampai 9x transaksi

Semua format sms transaksi kemudian di kirim ke sms center masing-masing provider.

Transaksi juga bisa dilakukan melalui web, dengan alamat server

info lebih lanjut dapat dilihat di anekareload.blogspot.com

 



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